Главная / Рефераты / Рефераты и топики по иностранным языкам
Топик: Россия, Москва, русские традиции /english/
Notice: Undefined variable: ref_img in /home/area7ru/area7.ru/docs/referat.php on line 323
My country-Russia.
The Russian Federative Republic is one of the largest countries in the world. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its area is about 17 million square kilometers. R is washed by the seas of the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Arctic oceans. It is also washed by the Black sea, the Caspian sea and the sea of Azov. In the south R borders on China, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and other countries. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic states, Belorussia, Ukraine and others.
The scenery of R varies a lot from region to region. There are steppes in the south, plains and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east. On the territory of R there are different types of climate. In the north the climate is arctic, in the south it is subtropical and in the middle of the country it is moderate and continental.
R has two great plains. One of them is the Great Russian plain and the other one is West Siberian lowland. The largest and the most famous river in R is the Volga river. It is of great historical, economic and cultural importance to R. The Volga river flows into the Caspian sea, which is in reality the largest lake in the world but not the sea. The deepest lake in the world is lake Baikal. It is about 1600 meters deep. It is also the cleanest lake. Nearly in the middle of R there is the mountain chain, which separates Europe from Asia. It is named the Urals and it is the largest mountain chain in R.
R has one-sixth of the world*s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in the Siberia and in the far east. There are different types of forests in R. They varies from leaf-bearing to conifer forests.
R is very rich in coal, iron, oil, natural gas, gold and other natural resources. The state is both industrial and agricultural.
The population of the country is about 150 million people with more then 100 nations and nationalities living in it.
At present R is a republic. It means that the head of the state is a president who is elected by the secret ballot. The president appoints the prime minister who then forms the government. The legislative power belongs to the parlament which consist of two chambers. The upper chamber is the Federal Council and the lower chamber is the state Duma.
Nowadays there are a lot of problems in the social, political and economic spheres, but our country has a lot of opportunities for it to become powerful and one of the leading countries in the world as it used to be.
Moscow.
Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is also the largest Russian city. Its area is about 880 square kilometers. M is Russian political, economic, educational, transport, historical and cultural centre. There are a lot of museums, universities, factories, research laboratories, airports, railway stations, theatres, etc.
Interest in M and its history has been especially on the rise on the eve of its 850th anniversary. Changes that are observed in the Russian capital with every passing day largely whet this interest. Throughout the ages M attracted and inspired poets, artists, travellers. They have left us pictures of the M of years ago enabling us to see its streets and squares and the way Muscovites lived.
The history of Russian capital is very vivid. M was founded more than 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. It is interesting that Dolgoruky was his nickname. Dolgoruky means “long hands”. He was called so because he wanted to collect Russian lands around M. The year of 1147 is accepted as the start of M history. M was sit in the crossing of two rivers the Moskva and the Neglinnaya. There are many rivers in M but most of them are underground. There are many legends about the origin of the name of the city. According to one of the legends that was the names of the tribe Mos and his wife Kwa. But the historian Karamzin says it originates from ugro-finish words “dark water”.
In the 16th century M became the capital of the country. In 1721 Peter the Great moved the capital to St. Petersburg. Only after the October revolution M became the capital again.
Modern M is very beautiful. Architectural monuments are being restored, cathedrals are being rebuilt, shining with their golden domes. Destroyed sanctuaries such as the Kazan cathedral in Red Square, the Resurrection Gate, the Chapel of the Virgin of Iberia and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior have been given a new lease of life. M streets and squares such as Tverskaya, Lubuanka and Okhotny Ryad have regained their historical names. A lot of museums and exhibitions are opened in M. A lot of new monuments appeared. For example “Peter the Great” by Tzaritelli or “Saint George slaying the Dragon”. The most popular si...
ВНИМАНИЕ!
Текст просматриваемого вами реферата (доклада, курсовой) урезан на треть (33%)!
Чтобы просматривать этот и другие рефераты полностью, авторизуйтесь на сайте:
|
|
|
Добавлено: 2011.03.17
Просмотров: 1069
|
Notice: Undefined offset: 1 in /home/area7ru/area7.ru/docs/linkmanager/links.php on line 21
При использовании материалов сайта, активная ссылка на AREA7.RU обязательная! |
